Normal Abdominal Measurements (Ultrasound)
Liver
- 5cm SAG, 16cm TRV, 15cm AP
- Size may vary with patient’s height
- Hepatic veins - less than 1cm
- Portal veins RT & LT less than +/- 0.2cm
- Main portal vein 9-13mm
Gallbladder
- 8-9cm SAG, 5cm TRV, 5cm AP
- Wall less than 3mm
Ducts
- CBD 6mm, CHD 4mm,
- Also dependent on patient age, CBD can dilate up 1mm per decade, especially after a cholecystectomy
Pancreas
- Head 2.5cm, Body 2.0cm, Tail 2.0cm
- Measurements done in AP
- Pancreas duct - in head 3mm, in body 2mm
Kidneys
- 9-13cm SAG, 4-5cm TRV, 2.5-4.0cm AP
- Cortex no less than 1cm
- Size may vary with patient’s height
Aorta
- Normal up to 2.5cm, ectatic from 2.5cm to 3cm, and aneurysmal 3cm and over
- Bifurcation 1.5cm in AP
- Common iliac >1.0 cm =aneurysmal
IVC
- varies dependent on phase of respiration
- Deep inspiration may increase size of IVC
Spleen
- 12cm SAG, 7cm TRV, 5cm AP
- 12- 14cm mild, 14-16cm moderate, and >16cm is massive splenomegaly
Adrenal
- 4-6cm SAG, 2-3cm TRV, 4-6mm AP
Pediatric Measurements (< 16 years old) ***
- Differs based on age (reference values for liver, spleen and kidneys:
Pediatric Abdominal Normal Values
https://www.ajronline.org/doi/pdf/10.2214/ajr.171.6.9843315
Echogenicity Ladder
(Most echogenic to least echogenic in normal patients)
Renal Sinus > Pancreas > Spleen > Liver > Renal Cortex